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Android API versions (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) Name - Version number(s) - Initial release date - API level Base (No Codename) - 1.0 - September 23, 2008 - 1 Base_1.1 (No Codename) - 1.1 - February 9, 2009 - 2 Cupcake - 1.5 - April 27, 2009 - 3 Donut - 1.6 - September 15, 2009 - 4 Eclair - 2.0-2.1 - October 26, 2009 - 5-7 Froyo - 2.2-2.2.3 - May 20, 2010 - 8 Gingerbread - 2.3-2.3.7 - December 6, 2010 - 9-10 Honeycomb - 3.0-3.2.6 - February 22, 2011 - 11-13 Ice Cream Sandwich - 4.0-4.0.4 - October 18, 2011 - 14-15 Jelly Bean - 4.1-4.3.1 - July 9, 2012 - 16-18 KitKat - 4.4-4.4.4 - October 31, 2013 - 19-20 Lollipop - 5.0-5.1.1 - November 12, 2014 - 21-22 Marshmallow - 6.0-6.0.1 - October 5, 2015 - 23 Nougat - 7.0-7.1.2 - August 22, 2016 - 24-25 Oreo - 8.0-8.1 - August 21, 2017 - 26-27 Pie - 9 - August 6, 2018 - 28 Q (Android 10) - 10 - September 3, 2019 - 29 R (Android 11) - 11 - September 8, 2020 - 30 Android 12 - 12 - October 4, 202...

Java Program Life Cycle (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) Java requires the source code of your program to be compiled first. It gets converted to machine-specific code, a byte code that is understood by some run-time engine, or a java virtual machine. Not only will the program be checked for syntax errors by a Java compiler, but some other libraries of Java code can be added (linked) to your program after completing the compilation (deployment stage). * Step1: Create a source document using any editor and save the file as .java (e.g. abc.java) * Step2: Compile the abc.java file using “javac” command or eclipse will compile it automatically. * Step3: Byte Code (abc.class) will be generated on disk. * Step4: This byte code can run on any platform or device having JVM (java.exe convert byte code in machine language) Let’s get familiar with various terminologies used by java programmers. * JDK (Java Development Kit): JDK contains JRE along with various development tools like ...

Excel Shortcuts (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) Ctrl + N = To create a new workbook Ctrl + O = To open an existing workbook Ctrl + S = To save a workbook Ctrl + W = To close the current workbook Ctrl + F4 = To close excel Ctrl + H = To display find and replace Ctrl + K = To insert a hyperlink Ctrl + PageDown = To move the next sheet Ctrl + PageUp = To move the previous sheet Ctrl + P = Print File Ctrl + G = Display "Go To" dialog box Ctrl + ; = Insert the current date Ctrl + Space = Select the entire column Ctrl + 9 = Hide selected row Ctrl + 0 = Hide selected column Ctrl + F1 = Expand or Collapse ribbon Ctrl + X = Cut selected cells Ctrl + End = Move to the last cell in the worksheet Ctrl + Home = Move to the first cell in the worksheet Ctrl + Delete = Delete end of line

Git Commands (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) git --version = It shows the version of Git installed on your machine. git init = It will initialize the project folder into a "git repository". git status = It will show you exactly which files/folders have been modified git add = It will add your file to the git staging area. git diff = It will show the difference between a file in the staging area and untracked file. git push = It will push all the local changes that you have made to the remote GitHub repository. git pull = It will fetch all the updated code from the remote branch and merge it with your local branch. git log = It will list down the entire commit history. git branch <name> = To create a new branch in your local git repository. git branch = It will list down all the local branches that you have created. git remote = It will give the name of the remote repository.

MongoDB vs SQL (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) MongoDB MongoDB is used to store both structured and unstructured data Data stored in JSON-like documents MongoDB does not support JOIN and global transactions MongoDB is fast and scalable Schemaless SQL SQL is used to store only structured data Data stored in table form SQL support JOIN and global transactions SQL is slow Require Schema

C vs C++ (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) C C was developed by Dennis Ritchie. C is a procedural programming language. C is a function-driven language. Top-down approach is used in program design. For Example:- C, Pascal. C++ C++ was developed by Bjarne Stroustrup. C++ is object-oriented programming language. C++ is an object-driven language. Bottom-up approach is used in program design. For Example:- C++, Java.

React JS Intro (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) What is ReactJS? * ReactJS is a free and open-source JavaScript library for building user interfaces using a component-based concept. * ReactJS is also known as React, React Js. * React is maintained by Facebook. * ReactJS is not a framework, it is a library. Examples of ReactJS websites:- Facebook, Discord, Netflix, Dropbox Advantages of ReactJS 1. DOM Virtuality 2. Easy Testing 3. SEO Friendly 4. Blazing Fast 5. Efficient Debugging Prerequisites HTML CSS JavaScript ES6:- let, const, arrow function, classes, object literals, spread operators.

File Extensions (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) * Programming File Extensions .py - Python File .java - Java File .c - C and C++ File .cpp - C++ File .php - PHP Script File .vb - Visual Basic File .cs - Visual C# File .cgi / .pl - Perl File .sh - Bash Shell Script .swift - Swift File * Image File Extensions .svg - Scalable Vector Graphics .ai - Adobe Illustrator File .bmp - Bitmap Image .gif - GIF Image .ico - ICON File .ps - PostScript File .jpeg / .jpg - JPEG Image .png - PNG Image * Data and Database File Extensions .sql - SQL Database File .tar - Linux / Unix tarball File archive .xml - XML File .mdb - Microsoft Access Database File .log - Log File .db / .dbf - Database File .dat - Data File

Format Specifiers in C (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) * Why do we use C Format Specifiers? Format specifiers in C are used to take inputs and print output of a type. The symbol we use in every format specifier is the %. Format specifiers tell the compiler about the type of data to be given or input and the type of data that must be printed on the screen. * The most commonly used Format Specifiers in C : %d or %i - A decimal integer or signed integer  %c - Signed character  %f - Signed float %e - A floating-point number %s   - A string or sequence of character  %lf - double %Lf - Long double  %o - Octal integer  %u - Short unsigned integer %ld - Long decimal integer %x - Hexadecimal integer %p - Print memory address in the hexadecimal form %hd - Short  integer %lu - Unsigned long  integer %llu - Unsigned long long  integer

SQL Constraints (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) Constraints   |   |- CHECK   |   |- NOT NULL   |   |- UNIQUE   |   |- PRIMARY KEY   |   |- DEFAULT   |   |- FOREIGN KEY   |   |- INDEX * These constraints are also known as Integrity Constraints . * SQL Constraints:- Constraints are the rules and restrictions applied to the data in a table. * NOT NULL:- Value cannot be Null in a column. * UNIQUE:- Value cannot be the same in a column. * PRIMARY KEY:- Used to uniquely identify a row. * FOREIGN KEY:- References a row in another table. * CHECK:- Satisfies a specific condition. * DEFAULT:- Set default value. * CREATE INDEX:- Used to speed up the reading process.

Did You Know...? Facts in Hindi (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) * यदि मानव मस्तिष्क के समान शक्तिशाली कंप्यूटर जाये, तो वह प्रति सेकंड 38 हजार ट्रिलियन कैक्यूलेशन कर सकता है और इसकी मेमोरी 3580 टेराबाइट्स से अधिक हो सकती है यानि 3,753,904,310 MB * एंटीकाईथेरा तंत्र ने आधुनिक युग का पहला ज्ञात एनालॉग कंप्यूटर होने का श्रेय प्राप्त कर लिया, यूनानी ने एंटीकाईथेरा सिस्टम को खगोलीय और गणितीय आकड़ो का सही अनुमान लगाने के लिए विकसित किया गया था। * 1980 में पहली 1GB हार्ड डिस्क ड्राइव की घोषणा की गई थी जिसका वजन लगभग 550 पाउंड था और इसकी कीमत $40,000 थी। * TYPEWRITER सबसे लंबा शब्द है जिसे आप अपने कंप्यूटर के कीबोर्ड की केवल एक पंक्ति पर अक्षरों का उपयोग करके लिख सकते हैं। * 1990 तक लगभग 50 ज्ञात कंप्यूटर वायरस थे। 1990 के दशक के अंत में, वायरस की संख्या तेजी से 48,000 से अधिक हो गई। आज, हर महीने लगभग 6,000 नए वायरस दिखाई देते हैं।

Types of Computer Memory (Image by - Google Images) Computer Memory | | | |- Internal Memory | | | |- ROM  (Read-only memory) | | | |- RAM  (Random-access memory) | | | |-SRAM  (Static Random-access memory) | | | |- DRAM  (Dynamic Random-access memory) | | | |- SDRAM  (Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory) | | | |- RDRAM  (Rambus Dynamic Random Access Memory) | | | |- DDR SDRAM  (Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random-Access Memory) | | | |- DDR1 | | | |- DDR2 | | | |- DDR3 | | | |- DDR4 | | | |- External Memory | |- HDD  (Hard Disk Drive) | |- SSD  (Solid State Drive) | |- CD  (Compact Disc) | |- USB  (Universal Serial Bus)

Control Key Shortcuts (Image by - Sharma Guides | Subham232330) CTRL+A = All Select CTRL+B = Bold CTRL+C = Copy CTRL+D = Duplicate CTRL+E = Alignment Center Side CTRL+F = Find CTRL+G = Group & Go To CTRL+H = Replace CTRL+I = Italic CTRL+J = Justify CTRL+K = Hyperlink CTRL+L = Alignment Left Side CTRL+M = New Slide CTRL+N = New Document & Page CTRL+O = Open CTRL+P = Print CTRL+Q = Quit CTRL+R = Alignment Right Side CTRL+S = Save CTRL+T = New Tab CTRL+U = Underline CTRL+V = Paste CTRL+W = Close The Window CTRL+X = Cut CTRL+Y = Redo CTRL+Z = Undo CTRL+Esc = Windows Start Menu CTRL+Tab = Switch between open tabs in the browser or other tabbed programs. CTRL+Shift+Tab = Will go backwards (right to left). CTRL+Delete = Delete Next Word. CTRL+Backspace = Delete Previous Word. CTRL+PgDn = Next Tab CTRL+PgUp = Previous Tab CTRL + ← = Previous Word CTRL + → = Next Word CTRL + Alt + ↑ = Rotate Screen Right Side C TRL + Alt + ↓ = Rotate Screen upsid...